Polyurethane zomatira molecular unyolo lili carbamate gulu (-NHCOO-) kapena isocyanate gulu (-NCO), ogaŵikana polyisocyanate ndi polyurethane magulu awiri. , kupanga magulu a polyurethane kapena polyurea, kuti apititse patsogolo kwambiri mphamvu za dongosolo ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chogwirizanitsa.
Zomatira zimakhala zomatira, zomwe zimakhala ndi machiritso osiyanasiyana, plasticizer, fillers, solvents, preservatives, stabilizers ndi coupling agents ndi zina zowonjezera. kunja wina ndi mzake, zomwe zinalemeretsa kwambiri msika wa zomatira.
1. Chitukuko
Zomatira za polyurethane ndi mtundu wa zomatira zapakati komanso zapamwamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kukana kwambiri, kukana kwamankhwala, kukana kwamankhwala, kukana kuvala, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndi kukana kutentha kwake. zomatira za polyurethane zomwe zili zoyenera kumangirirana pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Zomatira za polyurethane zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo mu 1947. Ndi kampani ya Bayer, triphenyl methane triisocyanate idagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakulumikiza zitsulo ndi mphira, ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito panjanji. thanki, amene anayala maziko a polyurethane zomatira makampani. Japan anayambitsa luso German ndi America mu 1954, anayamba kupanga polyurethane zomatira mu 1966, ndi bwino anayamba madzi-based vinilu polyurethane zomatira, amene anaikidwa mu kupanga mafakitale mu 1981. Panopa, kafukufuku ndi kupanga zomatira za polyurethane ku Japan zikugwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo pamodzi ndi United States ndi Western Europe, Japan yakhala yopanga ndi kutumiza kunja kwa polyurethane. makampani osiyanasiyana komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mu 1956, China inapanga ndi kupanga triphenyl methane triisocyanate (Lekner zomatira), ndipo posakhalitsa anapanga toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ndi zigawo ziwiri zosungunulira zochokera polyurethane zomatira, amene akadali mitundu yaikulu kwambiri ya zomatira polyurethane ku China. anayambitsa mizere zambiri zapamwamba kupanga ndi mankhwala ochokera kunja, imene ambiri ankaitanitsa zomatira polyurethane zofunika kuti awathandize, motero kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zomatira polyurethane mu units zoweta kafukufuku. Makamaka pambuyo 1986, makampani polyurethane ku China walowa nthawi. Zaka zaposachedwapa, mtengo wa guluu wa polyurethane ukutsika, ndipo mtengo wamakono wa guluu wa polyurethane ndi wokwera pafupifupi 20% kuposa wa guluu wa chloroprene, womwe umapereka mikhalidwe ya guluu wa polyurethane kuti atenge msika wa guluu wa chloroprene.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-03-2021